{"id":"W4285728504","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096401","title":"Popper and Agassi at Odds","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Odds; Critical rationalism; Epistemology; Individualism; Optimism; Perfectionism (psychology); Institutionalism; Karl popper; Methodological individualism; Philosophy; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Political science; Politics; Law; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004610537,0.0007201469,0.001078614,0.002250234,0.006321609,0.008670291,0.001248482,0.008613394,0.009480777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01265225,0.0004479192,0.000453975,0.001878289,0.02691458,0.009819507,0.005585588,0.01039889,0.002349598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004585797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0034372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003452652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002402473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944698,0.002278379,0.0001406756,0.001156453,0.001436541,0.000518132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948813,0.003203883,0.0002490068,0.0005631018,0.0007498045,0.0003528699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001270194,0.000005638003,0.0000747595,0.00002271608,0.000004352006,0.00004082618,0.0009876955,0.00004249593,0.00002434722,0.9707614,0.02406174,0.003961329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001121773,0.000006827816,0.0001840811,0.0001192926,0.000006949414,0.0001043763,0.0009014132,0.0001442482,0.0001430376,0.7701936,0.2281713,0.00001352786],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009703683,0.01750733,0.006022188,0.3894229,0.003588637,0.00002931204,0.00009267851,0.000112646,0.5735207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6481302,0.01290632,0.005399596,0.161387,0.007229448,0.0002156358,0.00009331568,0.0003470919,0.1642914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9936784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0332725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07430619505446288,"score_gpt":0.2613163710479273,"score_spread":0.1870101759934644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}