{"id":"W4285818631","doi":"10.1109/tcbb.2022.3192139","title":"Automated Pulmonary Nodule Classification and Detection Using Deep Learning Architectures","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","topic":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","field":"Medicine","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Computer science; Machine learning; Benchmark (surveying); Lung cancer; Cancer detection; False positive rate; Pattern recognition (psychology); Medicine; Cancer; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001987237,0.0001391785,0.0001712735,0.0003561593,0.000875385,0.00002246598,0.00005485273,0.0000919932,0.00003174775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000431409,0.0001349908,0.00004753797,0.0002693666,0.0001390037,0.0000591983,0.00001175571,0.0004223491,0.000004046472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001180493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006890146,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002776334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005408978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991001,0.0001039363,0.0003009962,0.0001893909,0.0001507319,0.0001548577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991553,0.0004662732,0.000123877,0.0001151713,0.0000673132,0.00007210565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003246867,0.0002979225,0.003296119,0.0001847276,0.0001362407,0.000006608508,0.001019174,0.7498208,0.005361885,0.0000406416,0.00001587996,0.2394954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005355426,0.0004116893,0.02696492,0.00002248728,0.0000790677,0.0005059473,0.0003424539,0.9695109,0.0003508432,0.000474049,0.0006658948,0.0001362096],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6949858,0.00007773189,0.3019348,0.002145046,0.0002252918,0.0002831392,0.00003501983,0.0002929884,0.00002014954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764963,0.00002862482,0.02152129,0.001777079,0.00002940274,0.0000305846,0.00009316185,0.00001160656,0.00001193011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2815105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6732842,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03025560861096137,"score_gpt":0.3131356878464332,"score_spread":0.2828800792354718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}