{"id":"W4286209393","doi":"10.1017/s0950268822001285","title":"Spatial growth rate of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Epidemiology and Infection","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Infection and Immunity; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Medical Research Council; Barts Health NHS Trust; UK Research and Innovation; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge University Hospitals; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Public Health Agency; University of Glasgow; University of Brighton; Public Health England; Queen's University Belfast; Cardiff University; Quadram Institute Bioscience; Newcastle University; Imperial College London; University of St Andrews; Queen's University; Directorate for Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Bournemouth University; University of Cambridge; Department of Health and Social Care; Academy of Medical Sciences; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of Oxford; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust; Middlesex University; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; King's College London; University of Nottingham; Public Health Wales; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust; University College London; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; University of Southampton; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Swansea University; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Northumbria University; University of Exeter; University of Portsmouth; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Outbreak; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Lineage (genetic); Biology; Delta; Population; Demography; Geography; Veterinary medicine; Virology; Genetics; Medicine; Physics; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003170961,0.0001391811,0.0005134139,0.0002477031,0.0001313402,0.000002789964,0.00004633252,0.0001418383,0.0001702411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001788882,0.0001261451,0.00009965355,0.0003659796,0.0001270692,0.00007995043,0.00012565,0.0006270225,0.0000268569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007277936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007829371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003838448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001369516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976075,0.001144318,0.0005019206,0.0003408765,0.00009156684,0.0003137638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987241,0.0008662306,0.0001477306,0.0001656931,0.00007467838,0.00002157955],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005072653,0.0001256721,0.9504836,0.00008431766,0.00005899316,0.00003396092,0.0002360995,0.00001860814,0.0400633,0.0001680418,0.002841454,0.005378706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041528,0.001119962,0.5826507,0.00005848896,0.00007501633,0.0002077783,0.00005963426,0.006591927,0.08137457,0.002580614,0.3208729,0.000255594],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938386,0.0005732164,0.0005747846,0.001038803,0.0003980764,0.0002405298,0.000005080345,0.00002202305,0.003308867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881675,0.0001129953,0.00004570832,0.01119002,0.0003088414,0.00008010519,0.00001677397,0.00001413426,0.00006397269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3678328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5802611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04798708023564772,"score_gpt":0.3724925393761069,"score_spread":0.3245054591404591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}