{"id":"W4288143301","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201935223","title":"Machine learning in APOGEE","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; York University; Carnegie Mellon University; Office of Science; Johns Hopkins University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; University of Arizona; Princeton University; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Star cluster; Stars; Metric (unit); Computer science; Cluster (spacecraft); Galaxy; Open cluster; Pattern recognition (psychology); Astrophysics; Artificial intelligence; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001624958,0.0003172613,0.0003996617,0.001367836,0.0003931198,0.001720097,0.0005657133,0.0007390012,0.003415941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009456868,0.0001269584,0.0002496968,0.001094218,0.001421244,0.001534632,0.001454019,0.001748409,0.0008824625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008195938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004901124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001810256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001308397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988559,0.0005320729,0.00004364239,0.0003221847,0.000204045,0.000042008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965023,0.002434848,0.0002936411,0.0003510935,0.0003148706,0.0001032458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001276146,0.0001210193,0.03010443,0.0006273955,0.0002686399,0.0006095581,0.0007094612,0.09259913,0.001852563,0.4054351,0.06084034,0.4067046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002586601,0.00006343549,0.02106796,0.000219538,0.00002910602,0.000554575,0.0002575572,0.2587871,0.001359948,0.6082919,0.1092952,0.0000478123],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1721411,0.03464728,0.6741589,0.04145234,0.001614173,0.0001644455,0.004028774,0.002423123,0.06936998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8146396,0.008460927,0.156843,0.002153353,0.001637569,0.0002258655,0.002900391,0.0001948409,0.01294435],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003415941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01142746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005268641933300821,"score_gpt":0.2128456966839542,"score_spread":0.2075770547506534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}