{"id":"W4289687532","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102907","title":"Informal artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana: Assessing environmental impacts, reasons for engagement, and mitigation strategies","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources Policy","topic":"Mining and Resource Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Gold mining; Scale (ratio); Environmental planning; Business; Natural resource economics; Environmental resource management; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Geography; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008095341,0.0002147896,0.0002039092,0.0006334893,0.001594652,0.0007736141,0.0004612509,0.0007583755,0.003044575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002494401,0.0001812485,0.0001346016,0.001157128,0.002164947,0.001002679,0.002068537,0.0007221657,0.0001933496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003085239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002393462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08156108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.252755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993333,0.0003110072,0.0000208723,0.00004916318,0.00005354812,0.0002320957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981191,0.0006240188,0.0006764558,0.00003590635,0.0001485707,0.00039598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000298555,0.000265908,0.9370641,0.000137575,0.00002284439,0.0009133674,0.04153793,0.0002532999,0.0005752697,0.001937798,0.0006775993,0.01631572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001722783,0.0002317402,0.7967422,0.00020497,0.00001735302,0.0002546505,0.198442,0.0005511541,0.000159362,0.0009502827,0.002419666,0.000009312011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988331,0.00009269879,0.00003206326,0.0002860554,0.000001649331,0.00000973668,0.00004019088,6.706044e-7,0.0007038127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994018,0.0000842316,0.00004453215,0.00003379506,0.000001169245,0.00001030817,0.00001909951,5.051542e-7,0.0004046035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08156108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1621727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01356857072795107,"score_gpt":0.2357658569676937,"score_spread":0.2221972862397426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}