{"id":"W4290467239","doi":"10.3390/app12157898","title":"Distributed Ledger Technologies and Their Applications: A Review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Cistel Technology (Canada); Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Distributed ledger; Blockchain; Computer science; Data science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001112963,0.0004064314,0.001103014,0.0003131165,0.001041614,0.0001486174,0.004436021,0.0002595924,0.00002298035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004687668,0.0002820949,0.0001575294,0.003907726,0.001047637,0.0001079777,0.002156837,0.0006338872,0.00003739431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000618714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002522614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001960265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001369582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975266,0.00006597629,0.0005323364,0.001231737,0.0002481715,0.0003952008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976541,0.0004312782,0.0004294168,0.001412599,0.00002412776,0.00004841236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.174044e-8,0.00001947279,8.301551e-8,0.001844213,0.00001036493,3.118756e-7,0.000008198267,3.139272e-8,1.004161e-7,0.2728698,0.0006579441,0.7245894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002397549,0.00001694363,6.30933e-8,0.0008212182,0.00004448811,0.00005364172,0.00007892393,0.00003319358,0.000002686536,0.03249909,0.966113,0.0003128038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[5.243174e-8,0.9283118,0.06626119,0.0007911829,0.00003606101,0.001926787,0.00004223602,0.001101523,0.00152912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001540197,0.9857451,0.005046667,0.0001744679,0.00001304409,0.008941792,0.00003842561,0.0000112602,0.00001382417],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9654551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04507973865758141,"score_gpt":0.3029840050605259,"score_spread":0.2579042664029444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}