{"id":"W4291197616","doi":"10.1007/s11023-022-09611-z","title":"Contestable AI by Design: Towards a Framework","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minds and Machines","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction","keywords":"Sociotechnical system; Accountability; Legitimacy; Field (mathematics); Computer science; Generative grammar; Knowledge management; Management science; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02988239,0.001819676,0.001271433,0.009066769,0.00567894,0.01793387,0.0036204,0.005529262,0.004609524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01458086,0.001010874,0.001582512,0.005133743,0.05446394,0.0140115,0.007270369,0.006449887,0.0008391193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01200495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009712773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006818521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004619388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9773002,0.01871647,0.0007247659,0.001093501,0.001492963,0.000672154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9746329,0.01911197,0.001222265,0.001971182,0.00202937,0.001032251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002753269,0.00001003167,0.00007084906,0.00008157103,0.000003542895,0.00003374935,0.002265131,0.0007375417,0.00004078304,0.993761,0.000417512,0.002575526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008220371,0.00001103324,0.0000713854,0.0003733042,0.000006434099,0.00005513344,0.002695347,0.003576829,0.00009955918,0.9556644,0.03742693,0.00001148162],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.006401492,0.006852914,0.8551378,0.03257129,0.0004645063,0.0005333376,0.0001787288,0.0003016169,0.09755833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3873529,0.005028217,0.596266,0.002293786,0.0004017829,0.002102326,0.0002541011,0.0002400309,0.006060845],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02988239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.158035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03548559545588331,"score_gpt":0.3631121436409731,"score_spread":0.3276265481850898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}