{"id":"W4291512486","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2022.2102464","title":"Macro barriers to business and innovation in developing economies: evidence from Egyptian, Moroccan, and Tunisian SMEs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Macro; Business; Macro level; Product (mathematics); Product innovation; Developing country; Economic geography; Industrial organization; Economics; Economic system; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00108402,0.000191357,0.0002323288,0.001154561,0.0007547939,0.001352053,0.0002661851,0.0003933953,0.001376406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00278697,0.0001156492,0.0002545446,0.001707974,0.000762206,0.0007417119,0.001121119,0.0004093344,0.0001421594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009704774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001225668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05312339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07197084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999603,0.00008638606,0.0000322726,0.00004340459,0.00006443711,0.0001704751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964837,0.001277083,0.001272566,0.0000993142,0.0004638954,0.0004034943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001118305,0.0001007706,0.9820809,0.0001272765,0.00005764145,0.000629056,0.006385937,0.0002020309,0.0003518318,0.001004751,0.0002495215,0.008698389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005563832,0.0000364903,0.9853491,0.000105679,0.00003561571,0.0001084528,0.01256279,0.0001483099,0.0001771338,0.0001072965,0.001356718,0.000006899049],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984826,0.0003776742,0.00001522489,0.0001334228,0.000001265833,0.000002881376,0.00006320677,4.025794e-7,0.0009232524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994659,0.0003162748,0.00001481448,0.00002553726,0.0000019613,0.00000296172,0.00005060223,3.295105e-7,0.0001217978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05312339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1056284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07723881033333807,"score_gpt":0.2322734336534915,"score_spread":0.1550346233201534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}