{"id":"W4292420463","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/acb3c2","title":"Target Selection and Validation of DESI Quasars","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; High Energy Physics; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Taiwan University; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Quasar; Physics; Astrophysics; Redshift; Luminosity function; OVV quasar; QSOS; Galaxy; Astronomy; Dark matter; Luminosity; Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003495326,0.0007125132,0.0005838038,0.001705955,0.000541148,0.0007043325,0.0009137218,0.0004702445,0.001755203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004150304,0.00026438,0.0005153529,0.0008072158,0.0002246034,0.0003773025,0.001245864,0.0003066822,0.001501743],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000418563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000323603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002935373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003250859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983601,0.0003927729,0.00008726946,0.0003831479,0.0005006257,0.000276137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952146,0.001042461,0.0004658121,0.0009270643,0.001936194,0.0004139184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001268287,0.0007063071,0.7406139,0.0001570918,0.0002731956,0.0003221249,0.0005032107,0.0279355,0.06352746,0.00110012,0.009092103,0.1545008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002976585,0.001000631,0.5869859,0.00003944404,0.0002054947,0.000522701,0.0004269162,0.2496836,0.1438965,0.0008859802,0.01597997,0.00007511573],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9527341,0.0001202556,0.03700391,0.00006428354,0.00002913293,0.0002952987,0.003479431,0.002253389,0.004020251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9512164,0.00004304264,0.03131144,0.00009397596,0.00002517171,0.0002212454,0.01482152,0.0002854948,0.001981787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003495326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01848525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009849332136353969,"score_gpt":0.2238219795007642,"score_spread":0.2139726473644102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}