{"id":"W4292854075","doi":"10.1007/s10961-022-09958-6","title":"Navigating the open innovation paradox: an integrative framework for adopting open innovation in pharmaceutical R&amp;D in developing countries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Technology Transfer","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; Northwestern University; Onyx Pharmaceuticals; Pfizer","keywords":"Open innovation; Openness to experience; Developing country; Business; Extant taxon; Context (archaeology); Knowledge management; Pharmaceutical industry; Praxis; Industrial organization; Marketing; Economics; Political science; Computer science; Economic growth; Psychology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006749138,0.0001368034,0.0002681327,0.0005314514,0.0005775117,0.000257985,0.001517663,0.00009495474,0.00008917396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003231512,0.00009345441,0.00001889114,0.00335665,0.0001114238,0.001163616,0.000385264,0.001333113,0.000002355865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002581277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002053548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006360817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001275252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982904,0.0000607346,0.001115444,0.0001398752,0.000164812,0.0002287152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988334,0.0001772069,0.0004125621,0.0001408,0.0004332762,0.000002707334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002793614,0.00005657898,0.01019638,0.00001802393,0.00003150483,0.000001950557,0.002823678,0.0003083945,0.0001710698,0.9658411,0.0001162419,0.02015574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052816,0.0001209445,0.00985554,0.0007722345,0.00006012802,0.00004315719,0.06165643,0.002106318,0.00151633,0.5499936,0.3679533,0.0006404072],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8961879,0.00002802002,0.04177776,0.06063394,0.0002878408,0.0008594146,0.000002099898,0.00001718607,0.0002058511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755375,0.00001675729,0.01105261,0.01309858,0.00009452265,0.0001484192,0.00001811284,0.00001845247,0.00001504073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4158474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5791789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07252475998855812,"score_gpt":0.3772418991964467,"score_spread":0.3047171392078886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}