{"id":"W4293177763","doi":"10.4337/9781800370791.00012","title":"Conclusion to Welfare States in the 21st Century","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Falling (accident); Human welfare; Government (linguistics); Inequality; Welfare; Welfare state; Development economics; Demographic economics; Political science; Economics; Psychology; Mathematics; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002295248,0.0003236769,0.0004141942,0.0002778852,0.003083452,0.001054797,0.001359332,0.0004032425,0.0004559446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005719218,0.0002393179,0.000218147,0.0001068615,0.0003610236,0.0004100871,0.0008332868,0.001329354,0.00003699486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004975222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003092535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01335173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01686747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968681,0.00026699,0.0004028778,0.0004464018,0.001360065,0.0006555943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988185,0.0003239475,0.0002212303,0.0003465614,0.0001309664,0.000158846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000118979,0.000008666545,0.00001240589,0.00001506799,0.00003804324,0.00002138237,0.1184305,0.000001954393,2.719649e-7,0.8261778,0.03173858,0.02354346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001255273,0.00003587339,0.00005727125,0.00005422784,0.00001932622,8.784431e-7,0.0443168,1.477469e-7,3.996255e-7,0.04598536,0.9091038,0.0003004443],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009324056,0.0004049324,3.830972e-7,0.04853528,0.001916916,0.0007661303,0.0001152747,0.0001397206,0.9480281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0567903,0.003060983,0.00005650769,0.01848452,0.008226849,0.0002939595,0.0002505622,0.0001931153,0.9126432],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8773652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02822890557811422,"score_gpt":0.2877347401814906,"score_spread":0.2595058346033764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}