{"id":"W4293251376","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2022.891534","title":"Academic Writing Challenges and Supports: Perspectives of International Doctoral Students and Their Supervisors","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Education","topic":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Focus group; Academic writing; Medical education; Qualitative property; Graduate students; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Sociology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01435663,0.0005901744,0.0009059561,0.002143296,0.01910296,0.01479363,0.002138476,0.002532545,0.003316638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03423062,0.0005237715,0.0005392298,0.002173277,0.007257942,0.004101154,0.008640146,0.006127574,0.0006413052],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004607137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01113918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007360274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009437809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9879581,0.007258878,0.0004836568,0.000537889,0.001673887,0.002087487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9625998,0.01644135,0.004662518,0.0006984466,0.005057203,0.01054067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002058503,0.00007689861,0.009422103,0.0001034631,0.000005548879,0.0006738707,0.9809209,0.0000208811,0.000155454,0.0006468899,0.001502641,0.006450726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002344706,0.00003133713,0.002079515,0.00007201112,0.000002300901,0.000208747,0.9935442,0.00001296386,0.00003923172,0.00009815233,0.003903701,0.000005490784],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729282,0.00207508,0.0004232379,0.009712533,0.000196923,0.00006783173,0.0000630859,0.00001696453,0.01451619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941131,0.001230692,0.0002566139,0.001377241,0.00009424287,0.00006621803,0.0000297046,0.00001099514,0.002821152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01910296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07592601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1089222105315327,"score_gpt":0.4762538922179729,"score_spread":0.3673316816864402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}