{"id":"W4293543532","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0239","title":"Cold Spray Nozzle Design and Performance Evaluation using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Critical ionization velocity; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Mechanics; Drag; Entrainment (biomusicology); Particle velocity; Velocimetry; Spray characteristics; Mechanical engineering; Particle (ecology); Acceleration; Spray nozzle; Composite material; Engineering; Physics; Classical mechanics; Acoustics; Turbulence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006623092,0.0001736002,0.000145209,0.00004520414,0.0001277336,0.00007321369,0.0001013291,0.00009230538,0.0001891325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002720578,0.0001714118,0.00002460735,0.0001839423,0.00004748996,0.0004202414,0.00002494987,0.0001909015,0.0001168617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001417756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002970801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005617972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003228798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989605,0.00008427381,0.0002025924,0.0001773578,0.0002643828,0.0003109227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995614,0.00004821901,0.00003451549,0.0002083904,0.00005985666,0.00008767526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001035758,0.00001686459,0.001930331,0.00001175409,0.000009875862,0.000001791363,0.0004016419,0.07566036,0.9197949,0.000009778062,0.00006013392,0.002092242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004118565,0.00003811513,0.01916662,0.00002954504,0.00005313715,0.000006738598,0.00001661916,0.1617206,0.8180531,4.654714e-7,0.0002879574,0.0002151966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968215,0.0002804733,0.001977127,0.00003093002,0.0001461586,0.0003254489,0.000002203313,0.0002401279,0.0001760821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817165,0.000009095462,0.01792791,0.00003168529,0.000184983,0.00002178736,0.000002297484,0.0000519837,0.00005382616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1017417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.698997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0265518016418808,"score_gpt":0.2612216640930627,"score_spread":0.2346698624511819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}