{"id":"W4293764725","doi":"10.1061/9780784484371.005","title":"Ballast Resistance: Discreet vs. Unit Resistance","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Conference on Transportation and Development 2022","topic":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"SNC-Lavalin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Ballast; Resistance (ecology); Unit (ring theory); Computer science; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104023,0.0001304447,0.00009835462,0.0001282489,0.0001342698,0.00003980825,0.0001593432,0.00002606493,0.001005783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004223137,0.0001510554,0.00001968596,0.0001116892,0.00001810549,0.00007711211,0.000005451847,0.000202153,0.000009816429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008285569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005017623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002325301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003880247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990713,0.0000120217,0.0002285275,0.0001796887,0.0003787202,0.0001297229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997643,0.00002064054,0.00003001601,0.00008110863,0.00004646888,0.00005746969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009373545,0.0002310335,0.007386791,0.0003103542,0.0004173061,0.0001741273,0.01163399,0.2634904,0.002284301,0.679772,0.01920575,0.01415653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001408371,0.00005073929,0.1172289,0.00009989409,0.00001238648,0.000003370909,0.00227616,0.02724097,0.0005297475,0.001610449,0.8487048,0.0008341809],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6620034,0.0006252924,0.08018947,0.003716323,0.004369841,0.0006895321,0.002026323,0.001562808,0.244817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901854,0.0001263393,0.002042457,0.0001025339,0.00001873074,0.000092165,0.0008069579,0.00002071273,0.006604642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8294991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01630532144640641,"score_gpt":0.2228431807444308,"score_spread":0.2065378592980244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}