{"id":"W4294168488","doi":"10.5194/acp-22-11203-2022","title":"Satellite quantification of oil and natural gas methane emissions in the US and Canada including contributions from individual basins","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Robertson Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Methane; Methane emissions; Atmospheric methane; Environmental science; Inversion (geology); Satellite; Fossil fuel; Emission inventory; Natural gas; Troposphere; Atmospheric sciences; Structural basin; Geology; Meteorology; Geography; Air quality index; Chemistry; Geomorphology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001154438,0.0003523034,0.0001278556,0.0007851741,0.0004286655,0.0003568051,0.0003025491,0.0001303847,0.0004453231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002736512,0.0001238665,0.0002755603,0.001319115,0.0001999946,0.000240742,0.000305092,0.000167989,0.00005358762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004211747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005447781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9446093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9695849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999915,0.000003964312,0.000002281533,0.00001959175,0.00003607075,0.0000230003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999063,0.000005885714,0.00001306927,0.000005132637,0.00005786549,0.00001174485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000217156,0.00009805206,0.8052524,0.0001064079,0.0004761952,0.0001449197,0.0002582852,0.09464062,0.02605418,0.001387074,0.003683741,0.06768084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003099427,0.00002244458,0.8188551,0.00002649918,0.000155491,0.00004888263,0.0003145985,0.1595479,0.01442185,0.0004802968,0.006057112,0.00003884106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914151,0.0001778719,0.001756398,0.00006510792,0.000004363532,0.0000149897,0.003379121,0.0001358758,0.003051242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993385,0.000136443,0.0032535,0.00002116206,0.000001961324,0.00000869697,0.002519686,0.00001563591,0.000657924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05539066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1114337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007235007803765752,"score_gpt":0.2078870275036286,"score_spread":0.2006520196998629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}