{"id":"W4294647471","doi":"10.1186/s13023-022-02476-6","title":"Social pharmaceutical innovation and alternative forms of research, development and deployment for drugs for rare diseases","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences","keywords":"Business; Equity (law); General partnership; Pharmaceutical industry; Framing (construction); Social innovation; Variety (cybernetics); Health care; Public relations; Medicine; Economics; Economic growth; Political science; Pharmacology; Finance; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02739005,0.0007517883,0.000710365,0.003065799,0.006374419,0.01280979,0.001937273,0.00974459,0.01053756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02521795,0.0005518153,0.001634098,0.002222506,0.05709623,0.01481196,0.0145595,0.00790578,0.001840945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00858961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01275261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002256919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002471634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9570552,0.02539039,0.001388119,0.004626917,0.008444096,0.003095258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9702595,0.01468471,0.003953389,0.005903048,0.002698801,0.002500502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007403162,0.00001668561,0.0001985794,0.00005424863,0.000008869962,0.00007376006,0.0006274902,0.0001727774,0.00007962869,0.9917403,0.001454513,0.005565796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004322437,0.00008442534,0.0004649281,0.0003240007,0.00001532049,0.0002561151,0.0007388397,0.0008317588,0.0003256634,0.8755162,0.1213674,0.00003208694],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02949041,0.0103084,0.08966415,0.2051475,0.001717645,0.0004809902,0.0001626682,0.000230357,0.6627978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.895978,0.007159228,0.03812589,0.02246354,0.001702329,0.0007322364,0.00009834555,0.0001228837,0.0336175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02739005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1448541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0566885731183046,"score_gpt":0.3454769838665889,"score_spread":0.2887884107482843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}