{"id":"W4294676803","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v12n6p402","title":"The Syntax of the Negation Marker Laa in Najdi Arabic: An HPSG Approach","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Negation; Computer science; Syntax; Linguistics; Phrase; Arabic; Grammar; Syntactic structure; Natural language processing; Head-driven phrase structure grammar; Meaning (existential); Artificial intelligence; Generative grammar; Programming language; Psychology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008611267,0.0005740008,0.0004467793,0.001235915,0.001843293,0.003584801,0.0008874557,0.001220976,0.00428901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001172377,0.0005675536,0.0003854052,0.0009830793,0.003962325,0.004877842,0.001682584,0.001315613,0.0009496726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002634128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009198235,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002837565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002019699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995379,0.0002530733,0.00003468736,0.0000772198,0.0000706808,0.00002641638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995037,0.0002388533,0.00006440283,0.00004777129,0.0001208553,0.00002434187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003495514,0.00001226425,0.0004401507,0.0001109336,0.000006975126,0.0004301045,0.006349281,0.0009225995,0.004391514,0.9775016,0.0008131149,0.008986494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003560461,0.00008158779,0.002005285,0.0002479391,0.00005304616,0.001166212,0.004914503,0.02744194,0.006758527,0.8817692,0.07544527,0.00008091289],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2357189,0.004104839,0.5251017,0.007856674,0.0002782097,0.0002445364,0.0008772847,0.0011768,0.2246411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9372961,0.001222739,0.05408781,0.0003673733,0.000127455,0.00008784447,0.0002244955,0.000222713,0.006363351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00428901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01911199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01166618182193068,"score_gpt":0.2153486654822241,"score_spread":0.2036824836602934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}