{"id":"W4294839477","doi":"10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106043","title":"Explainable, trustworthy, and ethical machine learning for healthcare: A survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":334,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Qatar National Library; Qatar National Research Fund; Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg; Qatar Foundation","keywords":"Interpretability; Trustworthiness; Computer science; Transparency (behavior); Health care; Robustness (evolution); Black box; Popularity; Data science; Field (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Risk analysis (engineering); Internet privacy; Computer security; Psychology; Medicine; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00402125,0.0007797,0.001193754,0.003697807,0.0004493838,0.002030279,0.0009737405,0.002142168,0.002832768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009122849,0.0004509227,0.0007920597,0.00375986,0.00135579,0.003177656,0.00109054,0.002305119,0.000819267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001829075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002920305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002193033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003484888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985806,0.0005352455,0.0002294606,0.0001407749,0.0004513306,0.00006264847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908925,0.007631933,0.0004398551,0.0001512896,0.0007553399,0.0001290079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004030817,0.00005651569,0.0004805859,0.02911706,0.0001292269,0.0001123846,0.0002690916,0.0007143827,0.0002185632,0.02977719,0.02256108,0.9165236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001691729,0.0001100152,0.001700244,0.03439576,0.0001865632,0.0009608809,0.0003532803,0.0006195296,0.0003587468,0.02429038,0.9369517,0.0000560137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009038179,0.9974688,0.0003579046,0.001222885,0.00009121619,0.000005076295,0.00000908361,0.000004062294,0.0007505416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001281973,0.9975982,0.0003332896,0.0004474437,0.0001544924,0.000009172664,0.00001425032,0.000002932772,0.0001582251],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00402125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0212667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3795128763127206,"score_gpt":0.5396197770274569,"score_spread":0.1601069007147363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}