{"id":"W4294992329","doi":"10.1093/jlb/lsac022","title":"Biological patent thickets and delayed access to biosimilars, an American problem","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Law and the Biosciences","topic":"Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biosimilar; Medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01838371,0.0002450412,0.0004971715,0.002549966,0.00457843,0.007465543,0.001629556,0.005449122,0.01397613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07381422,0.0003699675,0.000669383,0.003322968,0.005731339,0.009950501,0.002425891,0.007136765,0.0007468862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004224974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006200719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01145036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01119183,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9910261,0.002314953,0.0006549101,0.001589517,0.003252796,0.0011616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8794437,0.07455195,0.02918108,0.004888193,0.008900443,0.003034679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007456618,0.0008298322,0.1549326,0.0004232156,0.0001411223,0.002102875,0.006222323,0.001409126,0.002592736,0.6005026,0.02888219,0.2012158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004074571,0.001171963,0.2169927,0.002231318,0.0006384526,0.01083191,0.02163057,0.00955618,0.01350156,0.2885979,0.4339752,0.000464731],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6134964,0.01388411,0.0177022,0.1580162,0.0007774677,0.0001436313,0.0004721579,0.0002009002,0.1953069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9690387,0.002802035,0.002513679,0.01754484,0.0003488148,0.00003644389,0.0001019263,0.0000289695,0.007584475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01838371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09722352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0801436779493731,"score_gpt":0.3319851702690226,"score_spread":0.2518414923196495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}