{"id":"W4295122507","doi":"10.3390/app12188980","title":"Secure Smart Communication Efficiency in Federated Learning: Achievements and Challenges","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Bottleneck; Computer science; Federated learning; Bridge (graph theory); Computer security; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001885651,0.0001046561,0.0001167976,0.0002139795,0.001178207,0.0001994597,0.01460213,0.00003684441,0.00001077209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000805957,0.0001017676,0.00001007017,0.001089886,0.0003119912,0.0003258303,0.05608335,0.0003914152,0.000005680391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005368394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000564402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003715523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004116055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983755,0.0001524343,0.0001774321,0.0005454912,0.0004496003,0.0002995271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980547,0.0001777715,0.0001012816,0.001622409,0.00001327935,0.00003051588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002931229,0.0008287732,0.02148196,0.00008210315,0.00002893014,0.00002393412,0.007973767,0.0026043,0.006846063,0.5999559,0.01150375,0.3486412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001201045,0.0006180967,0.01929607,0.0000369569,0.000004963605,0.00003131841,0.009777565,0.4788455,0.002555288,0.4613368,0.0254214,0.000875055],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8334337,0.006915764,0.01331615,0.1093197,0.0002894518,0.0008277423,0.000005231651,0.001348336,0.03454398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9769609,0.0005322787,0.02226364,0.0001365208,0.000002613188,0.00008473932,0.000003570971,0.000003630445,0.00001209964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4762412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05008998550569697,"score_gpt":0.2715080091136483,"score_spread":0.2214180236079513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}