{"id":"W4295122551","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.129.115002","title":"Direct Measurement of the Return Current Instability in a Laser-Produced Plasma","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; Fusion Energy Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; University of Rochester; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","keywords":"Physics; Instability; Plasma; Growth rate; Quantum nonlocality; Current (fluid); Two-stream instability; Quantum electrodynamics; Atomic physics; Quantum mechanics; Thermodynamics; Quantum","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002962942,0.0002308613,0.0002108346,0.0003670741,0.0003246267,0.0003836266,0.0003803234,0.0004205981,0.001085015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001218089,0.000142209,0.0001376252,0.0003081979,0.0004873382,0.0002919161,0.0002816912,0.0005536078,0.0002863712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004131971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001711903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006037888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004930663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997593,0.00003654099,0.000009362155,0.00006319729,0.0001032259,0.00002843075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989748,0.0005034356,0.0001428727,0.0001008761,0.0002089166,0.0000691211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000637487,0.00002059434,0.0009591695,0.00003263824,0.000006939268,0.00007201332,0.00009224217,0.0001875604,0.9963567,0.0003280677,0.00006431004,0.001815991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001439898,0.00027509,0.008610327,0.000004734521,0.00001171959,0.0002839731,0.00005757913,0.00767291,0.9820525,0.0001902644,0.0008118283,0.00001468373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832488,0.0003553185,0.01256297,0.00008337373,0.00002532554,0.00006619867,0.0002279905,0.000172845,0.003257248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939846,0.0001237961,0.00492188,0.00001778399,0.00001247827,0.0000435576,0.00005862909,0.00001517565,0.0008220578],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001085015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003629744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02601465835940247,"score_gpt":0.257801824147182,"score_spread":0.2317871657877795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}