{"id":"W4295226794","doi":"10.1093/qje/qjac035","title":"The Evolution of Access to Public Accommodations in the United States","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Legislation; White (mutation); Population; Racism; Racial composition; State (computer science); Disparate impact; Service (business); Race (biology); Political science; Business; Demographic economics; Advertising; Law; Civil rights; Economics; Marketing; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004428462,0.0001061341,0.0002837225,0.0004593815,0.0004901146,0.0003384346,0.001747081,0.00002801147,0.00008835529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007364301,0.00007557176,0.0001407155,0.0004761844,0.00008114269,0.0004625779,0.00009978322,0.0003468561,0.00001896059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000476006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009911265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005177818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007550265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982903,0.000145989,0.001158153,0.0001231251,0.00003047422,0.0002519733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977838,0.0005346121,0.001143044,0.000438047,0.00005272741,0.00004774477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003631377,0.0004042241,0.05423434,0.00001486105,0.0002623524,0.000003110775,0.02181326,0.169593,0.000004511143,0.7246228,0.01042432,0.01826004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001435909,0.001106489,0.04348938,0.00001245651,0.00002828314,0.00009963429,0.04337217,0.04943623,0.000004864574,0.5651792,0.2954277,0.0004077306],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9746925,0.0002055443,0.0006915693,0.02018127,0.0006293964,0.0002028842,0.00006423758,0.000003469746,0.003329084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989403,0.0002733997,0.00004536908,0.0005577597,0.0001041804,0.00001965457,0.000008543465,0.00001544635,0.00003534322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2850034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3769615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05829767013488531,"score_gpt":0.2471735951229136,"score_spread":0.1888759249880284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}