{"id":"W4295846570","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.129.125001","title":"Electron Modulational Instability in the Strong Turbulent Regime for an Electron Beam Propagating in a Background Plasma","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Modulational instability; Physics; Langmuir Turbulence; Instability; Plasma; Two-stream instability; Ponderomotive force; Electron; Atomic physics; Plasma oscillation; Beam (structure); Wave packet; Space charge; Waves in plasmas; Optics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000120939,0.0002565283,0.0002001657,0.0002222571,0.0003494213,0.0004351012,0.0001881536,0.0002552623,0.0005099266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004534482,0.0001012602,0.0001836098,0.0001631645,0.0004384598,0.0003384795,0.0002512778,0.0002767019,0.00006696224],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003371755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001985388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00208195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001023625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999685,0.000008411888,9.528042e-7,0.000004432855,0.000007007314,0.00001063573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998928,0.00004135925,0.00002430662,0.000005559244,0.00001363186,0.00002239085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000471786,0.0001890893,0.01675434,0.000102357,0.00009808104,0.001328167,0.0005840175,0.7843216,0.1507759,0.03865343,0.0008015898,0.005919779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002042277,0.00005750925,0.002100647,0.000001748916,0.000005862682,0.00003034802,0.00004515649,0.993705,0.002639187,0.001217679,0.0001690905,0.000007313976],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903204,0.00007769318,0.007685052,0.00007403912,0.000006444428,0.000007855133,0.00001668945,0.00004764686,0.001764242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982092,0.00004217897,0.001286888,0.000006980365,0.000005444802,0.000008635472,0.0000145458,0.00001023042,0.0004158013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00208195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004139602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03289726649979881,"score_gpt":0.3276314507912687,"score_spread":0.2947341842914699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}