{"id":"W4296593642","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.106.064026","title":"Gravitational lensing, memory, and the Penrose limit","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Killam Trusts","keywords":"Physics; Gravitational field; Gravitational lens; Classical mechanics; Penrose process; Gravitation; Rest frame; Strong gravitational lensing; Curvature; Astrophysics; Geometry; Galaxy; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004812803,0.0004646899,0.0004287184,0.0008436558,0.0005502839,0.0009605157,0.0004434912,0.0008283522,0.001492173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007244028,0.0001353362,0.0003325203,0.0005269299,0.002329336,0.001770133,0.0006698859,0.001005234,0.0003241746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006265593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003790343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001088733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008140811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998554,0.00005315699,0.000008590204,0.000025104,0.00004075921,0.00001699795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997466,0.00009393378,0.00006894531,0.00002894704,0.0000342342,0.00002730679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001288904,0.000009497314,0.0001984187,0.0001449634,0.0000177863,0.0003554479,0.0001033888,0.001022691,0.000757509,0.983411,0.001308634,0.01265777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008425668,0.0000335813,0.0007349012,0.0001023676,0.000009884113,0.0009910155,0.00008219087,0.00158877,0.0004210591,0.9740491,0.02196444,0.00001423129],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.171849,0.5332667,0.0407105,0.01133568,0.0006285468,0.00002236747,0.0001117774,0.0001656049,0.2419099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8112785,0.1521152,0.01204405,0.001721731,0.001027065,0.00004546824,0.00008845524,0.00003065663,0.02164888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001492173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004991829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01329253450425345,"score_gpt":0.383556675713664,"score_spread":0.3702641412094105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}