{"id":"W4297023457","doi":"10.1002/9781119820086.ch9","title":"Coagulation and Flocculation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Stantec (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Flocculation; Coagulation; Sedimentation; Filtration (mathematics); Dissolved organic carbon; Particulates; Chemistry; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Water treatment; Natural organic matter; Chlorine; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005699163,0.0005474511,0.0005473081,0.000986541,0.001021627,0.001367976,0.0005654085,0.0009787719,0.006926846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000584091,0.0002047564,0.0004687006,0.0006967942,0.0006713802,0.0008557914,0.0007274044,0.000698679,0.003818426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001476881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001025715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003130105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002862925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989779,0.00009591969,0.00004164065,0.0002020902,0.0005936432,0.00008875877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998117,0.00003192494,0.00002805184,0.0000167753,0.00009471985,0.00001686124],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001492382,0.0002286402,0.002085152,0.003244477,0.0001035179,0.0009312983,0.000852506,0.003543501,0.3456835,0.1257997,0.03904802,0.4783305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003987099,0.0003459138,0.003947364,0.0002625996,0.00004648686,0.001191714,0.0001482229,0.003606722,0.2238658,0.01364193,0.7528672,0.00003615321],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1307253,0.150217,0.1258858,0.006299349,0.002674171,0.001765683,0.001376933,0.001443994,0.5796117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4135177,0.08654298,0.05724844,0.003028336,0.0006927804,0.0007552399,0.001129737,0.0002617442,0.4368231],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9930732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02317256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004231452345409355,"score_gpt":0.1837028011513983,"score_spread":0.1794713488059889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}