{"id":"W4297039016","doi":"10.1002/9781119820086.ch20","title":"Removal of Selected Constituents","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Stantec (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Potassium permanganate; Chlorine dioxide; Lime; Chemistry; Chlorine; Environmental chemistry; Aeration; Manganese; Water softening; Environmental science; Chloramine; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Softening; Inorganic chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001859509,0.0005640725,0.0003111013,0.0004453122,0.0004370271,0.000687898,0.0004457734,0.0004210803,0.01383915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001924925,0.0001643543,0.0003829972,0.0004035677,0.0001377016,0.0004105242,0.0004727909,0.0004114592,0.00712299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004540968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006075395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002218404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006481946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996042,0.00001974319,0.00001183842,0.00006046217,0.0002589943,0.00004488996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999213,0.00001009025,0.00001152249,0.000006576804,0.00004392821,0.000006468471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007697622,0.0000969571,0.0006684753,0.001370771,0.00002167037,0.0003203734,0.0001884259,0.0007298159,0.8511568,0.002363088,0.0150074,0.1279992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006743422,0.0001493221,0.001538596,0.0000901884,0.00002205292,0.0002654713,0.0001312029,0.001079681,0.7722358,0.0002632595,0.2242065,0.00001116865],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.3216447,0.02980782,0.086844,0.00204122,0.001021474,0.0009899748,0.004132774,0.003300933,0.5502172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.296667,0.02818064,0.05021607,0.001415863,0.0001282487,0.0003466283,0.002941081,0.0007247813,0.6193796],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01383915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0462966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004768970863328919,"score_gpt":0.2028942182810951,"score_spread":0.1981252474177661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}