{"id":"W4297223429","doi":"10.1007/s42761-022-00128-3","title":"In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Affective Science","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Concordia University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of the Fraser Valley; Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Australian Research Council; National Institute of Mental Health; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; National Institutes of Health; Huo Family Foundation; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV; Norges Forskningsråd; Pennsylvania State University; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja; Università degli Studi di Padova; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes; National Cancer Institute; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; European Commission; Association for Psychological Science; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Kingston University; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Univerzita Karlova v Praze; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; University of Pennsylvania; Education University of Hong Kong; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Framing (construction); Feeling; Anxiety; Psychology; Framing effect; Psychological intervention; Social psychology; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Empirical evidence; Unintended consequences; Political science; Medicine; Persuasion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006188798,0.001001877,0.0009303692,0.0005457969,0.00110812,0.001719973,0.0005293798,0.002090975,0.01466915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01095263,0.000649579,0.001487004,0.0005049293,0.00166164,0.001139566,0.0009391172,0.002537152,0.00115138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004647328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006989248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001913881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001654067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965566,0.002575163,0.000114245,0.0002968562,0.0002470364,0.0002101235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9891695,0.008097098,0.001333132,0.0007246293,0.000203607,0.0004718215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.3776405,0.1608843,0.05294982,0.01230791,0.01116808,0.0005650882,0.007638134,0.002018176,0.0137586,0.007333993,0.01187936,0.3418561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.135633,0.5793367,0.2095895,0.004134727,0.02193371,0.0005071512,0.006936791,0.002751914,0.01079918,0.009113871,0.01888627,0.000377186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875994,0.00286646,0.0004630714,0.001209829,0.0003149726,0.0003797462,0.0004176826,0.00003213538,0.00671684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992423,0.002851876,0.0008349187,0.00101393,0.0002102049,0.0003856432,0.0002243855,0.00001265711,0.002043365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01466915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04907322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02883925264514641,"score_gpt":0.3664309241291618,"score_spread":0.3375916714840154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}