{"id":"W4297259270","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.2c03268","title":"Documented Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells Across the United States","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Environmental Defense Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Water well; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Geology; Groundwater; Engineering; Waste management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002892731,0.0002477383,0.000167546,0.001365013,0.0004158383,0.0005455857,0.0003093226,0.0001729033,0.001914182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001182142,0.0001775756,0.0002975505,0.002721295,0.0001838691,0.0004948326,0.0004738295,0.0002042464,0.0002527018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008938182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009419588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1043977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2219462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996153,0.00004550493,0.00004337558,0.00007208031,0.0001712695,0.00005241264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981974,0.0002030086,0.0008827389,0.000100665,0.0005533762,0.00006292729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000544736,0.0000380504,0.9581702,0.0001268791,0.00006926985,0.0005490849,0.0004968115,0.002793623,0.0009672432,0.0009354007,0.007209505,0.02858947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006787488,0.00004461452,0.9623926,0.0001853281,0.00005782794,0.0006734513,0.003131271,0.005773397,0.001542753,0.0004861381,0.02568037,0.00002547361],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712535,0.0007465684,0.002045805,0.0002180062,0.00001643128,0.00003678609,0.01383694,0.0001065327,0.0117394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846389,0.0009151796,0.001683449,0.00005251306,0.000004535454,0.00003343107,0.01080228,0.00001144545,0.001858227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1043977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2075801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002955936304298468,"score_gpt":0.2011260204750216,"score_spread":0.1981700841707232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}