{"id":"W4297909555","doi":"10.1016/j.econmod.2022.106051","title":"On the grant rate of Patent Cooperation Treaty applications: Theory and evidence","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Modelling","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hunan University; Industry Canada","keywords":"Popularity; Intellectual property; Treaty; Economics; Quality (philosophy); International trade; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03289164,0.0006556772,0.001732456,0.005073163,0.001736327,0.008457366,0.00267013,0.006145847,0.02025118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2190794,0.0008324617,0.0014379,0.004623402,0.006588395,0.008831543,0.001929035,0.007069751,0.002726109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003540413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002285375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008633372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003157954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9832478,0.009126524,0.0008350593,0.001374919,0.003909484,0.001506206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4408486,0.5047173,0.03342702,0.008933951,0.009267649,0.002805557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030235,0.0009936664,0.1280862,0.0007454235,0.0007546234,0.0006778636,0.001594785,0.04572698,0.0009474201,0.6976148,0.02479787,0.09503677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008779151,0.0007333098,0.1212972,0.0008027327,0.001039619,0.0008560242,0.002186311,0.07103176,0.002418582,0.7717028,0.02674994,0.0003038656],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7393933,0.02832746,0.02915141,0.02252514,0.0009565343,0.0001846195,0.001206427,0.0004510887,0.177804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914228,0.002900187,0.0007335094,0.0006245152,0.0005353761,0.00004429626,0.0001933639,0.00006753067,0.003478482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03289164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1739497,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2224935063783944,"score_gpt":0.2207129856699637,"score_spread":0.001780520708430655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}