{"id":"W4297937001","doi":"10.1126/science.abo0383","title":"Climate change drives rapid decadal acidification in the Arctic Ocean from 1994 to 2020","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; JST-Mirai Program; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Ocean Acidification Program; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ocean acidification; Aragonite; Oceanography; Sea ice; Environmental science; Arctic; Alkalinity; Climate change; Arctic sea ice decline; Arctic ice pack; Seawater; Arctic geoengineering; Effects of global warming on oceans; Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Climatology; Canada Basin; Geology; Antarctic sea ice; Ecology; Chemistry; Calcite; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001132461,0.00008151431,0.0000781061,0.00008929147,0.0008124652,0.00008263851,0.0008810901,0.00001222774,0.0008778137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006158974,0.00005931402,0.00002398344,0.001109708,0.0002190524,0.0003234152,0.0000804649,0.000177296,0.00009164201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001851244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005975027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001614705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005816218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984661,0.0001014404,0.0001403177,0.0003331291,0.0005804029,0.0003786389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994534,0.0001438043,0.00005171343,0.0002483732,0.00001353233,0.00008923399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003861821,0.0000382441,0.8987693,0.000006116307,0.000001822982,0.00002334914,0.01819178,0.001239763,0.000195909,0.000474084,0.0001091776,0.08091179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008347497,0.0001112415,0.9761772,0.000007288897,0.00000416647,0.00001286142,0.006818786,0.01298162,0.00001297515,0.001093029,0.002584256,0.0001130845],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946679,0.00008818829,0.00004849389,0.003528473,0.0004106603,0.0002411561,0.0001071532,0.00001691022,0.0008910506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996349,0.00007163383,0.0005912103,0.002817746,0.00009858484,0.000005541817,0.000051412,0.000001710467,0.00001312731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0807987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9611445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01829185180555663,"score_gpt":0.2280599258045602,"score_spread":0.2097680739990035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}