{"id":"W4297937001","doi":"10.1126/science.abo0383","title":"Climate change drives rapid decadal acidification in the Arctic Ocean from 1994 to 2020","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; JST-Mirai Program; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Ocean Acidification Program; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ocean acidification; Aragonite; Oceanography; Sea ice; Environmental science; Arctic; Alkalinity; Climate change; Arctic sea ice decline; Arctic ice pack; Seawater; Arctic geoengineering; Effects of global warming on oceans; Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Climatology; Canada Basin; Geology; Antarctic sea ice; Ecology; Chemistry; Calcite; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003333804,0.0002576967,0.0001473431,0.0005877357,0.0004438795,0.0008269598,0.0001651957,0.0004137533,0.001170879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006480276,0.00009895097,0.000261155,0.0007832107,0.0002090319,0.0003594751,0.0008210475,0.0003465498,0.0001865533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008843847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008087014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05790654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05532351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999871,0.00001877741,0.00001071839,0.00003879748,0.00002658592,0.00003409505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999713,0.00002038557,0.0001069105,0.00001110528,0.0001018463,0.00004674651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003035337,0.00005409125,0.9488551,0.0001635258,0.0002720059,0.0003315931,0.0003713352,0.003918998,0.008501507,0.001518014,0.006158474,0.02955171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006520198,0.0000398934,0.9859635,0.00003249827,0.00006535055,0.0001078628,0.0004461619,0.002586562,0.0008393526,0.0007082727,0.009189032,0.00001494642],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804011,0.005798317,0.0008849581,0.00307531,0.0002667653,0.00001195596,0.004046527,0.0001093629,0.005405759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962036,0.001528772,0.0003409897,0.000300653,0.00008809903,0.000006770591,0.001113076,0.000008216398,0.0004098584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05790654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1151389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01829185180555663,"score_gpt":0.2280599258045602,"score_spread":0.2097680739990035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}