{"id":"W4297988790","doi":"10.3390/app12199820","title":"A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Deepfake Image Detection","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Convolutional neural network; Face (sociological concept); Transfer of learning; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Fake news; Social media; Computer security; Data science; Internet privacy; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009847794,0.0001163255,0.0001151608,0.0001942833,0.001219745,0.0003420712,0.0008813753,0.00002431101,0.000005408855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007129805,0.0001138588,0.00005743909,0.001191891,0.0001872697,0.0005620749,0.0003948575,0.0001768462,0.000009214828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000802405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004757128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000979685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006723718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982963,0.00002249307,0.0001679797,0.0005913503,0.000559966,0.0003619718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994629,0.0001166656,0.0001182966,0.0002012086,0.00003482164,0.00006611506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002196979,0.0001363787,0.0000156129,0.00001595058,0.000009906536,7.157615e-7,0.001267248,0.02508662,0.1758522,0.06008478,0.00005503919,0.7374535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005675416,0.0005594391,0.0001514321,0.000001330523,0.000007029081,0.00007981571,0.001491142,0.9460027,0.03589499,0.008692346,0.006204035,0.0003482674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0131901,0.00001573548,0.9627945,0.00005934557,0.0005225469,0.0003906463,0.000001197205,0.0002792736,0.02274667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8006997,3.524726e-7,0.1985743,0.00009932462,0.0000530359,0.0004833121,0.000002546813,0.000007061742,0.00008038748],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.920916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9381419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01717738125733426,"score_gpt":0.2232634776273456,"score_spread":0.2060860963700114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}