{"id":"W4297991481","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105291","title":"Visual numerosity perception shows no advantage in real-world scenes compared to artificial displays","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Numerosity adaptation effect; Perception; Psychology; Scene statistics; Visual perception; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Stimulus (psychology); Number sense; Communication; Computer science; Cognitive science; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003967728,0.0001828141,0.0002868341,0.0002213753,0.0002824687,0.00004588037,0.0001173301,0.0000315936,0.003505575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002679574,0.0001934957,0.00007436077,0.0004140071,0.00003466071,0.0001521484,0.0002354145,0.0002070141,0.0006414483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002572772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002907456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002759747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007081664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983774,0.0001307091,0.00042094,0.0003363383,0.0004372506,0.0002973799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992638,0.0003201388,0.00008738266,0.0001147546,0.0001033603,0.0001105869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007362952,0.02762741,0.03668762,0.001938299,0.0003082988,0.0007112135,0.02125988,0.00007933673,0.6461481,0.05967023,0.04624724,0.1519594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004271165,0.001104811,0.1909463,0.0009447027,0.0002585995,0.00005406274,0.01454511,0.004855888,0.04506235,0.733629,0.001712123,0.00261584],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975274,0.000002612687,0.00229196,0.0001592066,0.0002017675,0.0007623638,0.0001011214,0.0001209145,0.02108608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950709,0.000003344249,0.00322273,0.0003466728,0.0001124779,0.0002322807,0.0002198286,0.0000268155,0.0007650029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6739588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05318353033296815,"score_gpt":0.3523053984194797,"score_spread":0.2991218680865116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}