{"id":"W4297996688","doi":"10.1038/s43247-022-00539-x","title":"Surface warming in global cities is substantially more rapid than in rural background areas","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Earth & Environment","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Battelle; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Urbanization; Global warming; Climate change; Geography; Urban climate; China; Environmental science; Climatology; Scale (ratio); Physical geography; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002638492,0.0001515125,0.0001671361,0.000527669,0.0001676617,0.0007074505,0.0001016405,0.0001555497,0.002102913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005293561,0.00009890032,0.000300311,0.001203094,0.000326218,0.0003982733,0.0004439413,0.0002213963,0.0003408978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002426582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002337818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007394938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01765496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998488,0.00002790612,0.000007752768,0.00005274579,0.00002705644,0.00003573519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999589,0.00005694453,0.0001817705,0.00005732005,0.00007294821,0.0000421084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009296875,0.00002272562,0.9796991,0.0001032558,0.0002450375,0.00008370855,0.0002857455,0.001897545,0.005128658,0.0004958899,0.0009997461,0.01094561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001587718,0.00001433229,0.9979026,0.000005122855,0.00001619047,0.00002337497,0.0002195969,0.000273592,0.0002906803,0.00009672943,0.001153183,0.000002920831],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951357,0.0003103901,0.0004199267,0.0001953896,0.00001296669,0.00000476145,0.0008175234,0.00003274544,0.003070652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989768,0.0001550205,0.00009267757,0.00003459048,0.00001030963,0.000002234071,0.0004539417,0.000008079253,0.000266253],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007394938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01470381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02738490419536155,"score_gpt":0.2473162420942939,"score_spread":0.2199313378989324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}