{"id":"W4297999374","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac90ca","title":"The Sparkler: Evolved High-redshift Globular Cluster Candidates Captured by JWST","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Toronto; York University; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; Saint Mary's University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Space Telescope Science Institute; Canarie; Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; University of Toronto; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Globular cluster; Astrophysics; James Webb Space Telescope; Galaxy; Photometry (optics); Redshift; Astronomy; Hubble space telescope; Star cluster; Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002015897,0.0002004132,0.0002213778,0.001244703,0.0003128934,0.0004353199,0.0003091953,0.0001628496,0.000966378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005069755,0.0001433887,0.0001874437,0.0007638173,0.0002188196,0.000243408,0.000851207,0.0001808004,0.0002985234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003118975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001504437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008520667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02142656,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999878,0.000005983302,0.000005089895,0.00003754609,0.00003536171,0.00003790077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994619,0.00005004088,0.0001618204,0.00006558376,0.00004928386,0.0002112532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000238094,0.00004984148,0.9686465,0.00002141003,0.00007379959,0.0009934691,0.0005281037,0.0006492361,0.01909275,0.0002576065,0.001208419,0.008240753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005951345,0.00002360387,0.996673,0.00000238362,0.00001051989,0.000217222,0.0001446363,0.001224522,0.0008477206,0.00004523973,0.0008009422,0.000004317754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994255,0.0000203659,0.00007235026,0.000008682292,9.026093e-7,0.000001877629,0.0002449787,0.00001287275,0.0002124496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972971,0.00001564088,0.0003516211,0.000008618296,0.00000468528,0.000002159418,0.002089882,0.000009335696,0.000221032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008520667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01694214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003407722022412608,"score_gpt":0.1798431194860367,"score_spread":0.176435397463624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}