{"id":"W4299413940","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1108.5648","title":"On the shoulders of students? The contribution of PhD students to the\\n advancement of knowledge","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Social Sciences and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Socialization; Citation; Shoulders; Medical education; Scale (ratio); Natural science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology; Library science; Social science; Medicine; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006638229,0.0001536213,0.0003344963,0.002431052,0.002496759,0.007380731,0.0006477748,0.0008792446,0.005411235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03459076,0.0001543463,0.0002161227,0.003514092,0.001838866,0.001828089,0.003711685,0.0009272979,0.0007659624],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004468898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009779644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04577472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09481626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939616,0.002124494,0.0002203961,0.0004469079,0.001716959,0.001529643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9672417,0.006788327,0.006034497,0.001518571,0.004713217,0.01370379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"incentives","domain_candidate":"incentives","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001279422,0.0001311913,0.8435813,0.000139991,0.0001204741,0.0002362383,0.02779439,0.0001898416,0.0008798621,0.006090124,0.008697937,0.1120105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002416359,0.0001196082,0.9061968,0.0001516274,0.00004843042,0.0001832391,0.04363658,0.0002599179,0.0003797103,0.002335577,0.04663055,0.00003385221],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599299,0.001262757,0.0003705469,0.01010561,0.0001360666,0.00003282311,0.0002412126,0.0000212486,0.02789975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955658,0.0003814712,0.00006030676,0.0002928995,0.00006324924,0.000007596675,0.00005993248,0.000004874147,0.003563893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9933618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09101659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1580037581521691,"score_gpt":0.2922266259190984,"score_spread":0.1342228677669293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}