{"id":"W4300819016","doi":"10.3389/frym.2022.769288","title":"Counterfactual Thinking: The Science of Wondering “What If?”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers for Young Minds","topic":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Power (physics); Psychology; Aesthetics; Superpower; Vertical thinking; Epistemology; Social psychology; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Creative thinking; Convergent thinking","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007540936,0.0001074966,0.0001096317,0.0002070045,0.00184231,0.0002273309,0.0008275186,0.00001561179,0.00007123126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004466749,0.00008837597,0.00007275754,0.000922346,0.0007566988,0.0007146435,0.0001841464,0.000171858,0.000003107694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002782957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005210206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.23064e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981719,0.00006887151,0.0001900754,0.0004450283,0.0007960715,0.000328087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993161,0.0001165217,0.0001602906,0.0002639427,0.000086628,0.00005649134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002696094,0.0003314632,0.001689689,0.00002311913,0.000008011876,0.000003343408,0.01958027,0.0006704651,0.9265643,0.0112937,0.02532986,0.01423619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006717175,0.000552042,0.002007361,0.00001515587,0.00003082024,0.00008142731,0.04042025,0.006472058,0.8758148,0.004527051,0.06908879,0.0003185402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9647749,0.00009735302,0.01307873,0.001104933,0.01713698,0.0006280655,0.00003123917,0.0000550416,0.003092746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959921,0.00001400428,0.0001612901,0.0008514363,0.00006220878,0.0001281263,0.000001708499,0.00001287923,0.002776206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05074949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02970891357628094,"score_gpt":0.2667887460210698,"score_spread":0.2370798324447888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}