{"id":"W4300992811","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201424747","title":"High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Australian Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Vlaamse regering; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie; KU Leuven; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Imperial College London; UK Space Agency; Cardiff University","keywords":"Radiative transfer; Physics; Astrophysics; Radiant energy; Context (archaeology); Galaxy; Thermal radiation; Stars; Star formation; Stellar population; Atmospheric radiative transfer codes; Population; Energy transfer; Astronomy; Radiation; Engineering physics; Optics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004370048,0.001204553,0.0008495293,0.0005358116,0.0006838627,0.002936692,0.002661627,0.002375113,0.007411737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00170309,0.0008241279,0.001306611,0.00126548,0.0008555765,0.001363015,0.001153363,0.001995193,0.002720337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001018616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001295053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02744103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01285468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996798,0.00007825792,0.00001754719,0.0000874883,0.0001039169,0.0000330502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.0001404645,0.00004404112,0.00006597058,0.0001120835,0.0000405288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003070557,0.0000417227,0.000901249,0.00008048461,0.00006188679,0.0000931029,0.00003205823,0.9833601,0.001569357,0.00269726,0.003711002,0.00742113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001147112,0.000004277511,0.0002771542,0.00001217998,0.00001157374,0.00003568836,0.00001096496,0.992882,0.0006195796,0.00242744,0.003690909,0.0000167881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06516799,0.004461134,0.8528565,0.004250395,0.0008503367,0.0002832474,0.02230858,0.01257621,0.03724561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.806477,0.002594796,0.1617215,0.001116269,0.0004670137,0.0003818766,0.01430001,0.001357629,0.01158389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02744103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05456263,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005884031199095069,"score_gpt":0.1812943688539186,"score_spread":0.1754103376548236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}