{"id":"W4304989918","doi":"10.1364/josaa.473313","title":"Structurally stable beams in the turbulent atmosphere: dark and antidark beams on incoherent background [Invited]","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Optical Society of America A","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Innovation Group of Jinan; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Physics; Scintillation; Optics; Isotropy; Turbulence; Beam (structure); Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Computational physics; Diffraction; Gaussian; Amplitude; Detector; Quantum mechanics; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004063061,0.0001540189,0.0003003204,0.000006868986,0.0002255689,0.00005958793,0.0005225897,0.00002327077,0.0001862699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007944689,0.00008807205,0.0003596506,0.0002941425,0.0002761854,0.00008817868,0.0002834031,0.0007170746,8.8119e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001091447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005560951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009489621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.195097e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983707,0.0001294055,0.0004270728,0.0001324432,0.0006968073,0.000243591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990502,0.0001627016,0.0004228459,0.0002426523,0.00005493247,0.00006667063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002097693,0.01487338,0.1331023,0.0005367734,0.006140192,0.0001007559,0.06067646,0.2308419,0.02457319,0.0483952,0.3423701,0.136292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01505439,0.01538793,0.2275449,0.0008468197,0.001439308,0.0005727016,0.3844758,0.03424641,0.006809575,0.08550685,0.2251473,0.002968042],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898986,0.0001663345,0.0003109137,0.008367427,0.000153585,0.0001858474,0.00001765714,0.000002327598,0.000897352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904514,0.00002013041,0.007996921,0.001292473,0.0001301749,0.000005343007,0.000002403391,0.0000147012,0.00008646338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3237993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3591474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008122953518019138,"score_gpt":0.228217696959693,"score_spread":0.2200947434416738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}