{"id":"W4306411777","doi":"10.1007/s00464-022-09643-7","title":"The evolving use of robotic surgery: a population-based analysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surgical Endoscopy","topic":"Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital; McMaster University; Saskatchewan Cancer Agency; Health Sciences Centre; Western University; St. Michael's Hospital; Juravinski Cancer Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation","keywords":"Robotic surgery; Population; Computer science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008636145,0.0001650793,0.000696982,0.0003557406,0.0003079495,0.00003078082,0.0001496142,0.0000542124,0.002541569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001054232,0.0001169782,0.0007437147,0.001800531,0.0001098611,0.00006109958,0.0001083452,0.0003237173,0.000004593736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000153623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001630644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005201057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002110783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975415,0.0004124375,0.0006102078,0.0003082246,0.0007909022,0.0003367297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935895,0.005310225,0.0002337293,0.0005632805,0.0001545977,0.0001487071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001088538,0.0003359955,0.9871375,0.00005193546,0.000684763,0.0003681343,0.00002703237,0.005207301,0.0002962123,0.002274737,0.00163891,0.0008889619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006632084,0.001132652,0.7962471,0.0001970018,0.00402366,0.0001475553,0.0001824829,0.06525014,0.007870363,0.0008884951,0.116439,0.0009895015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957929,0.0005706711,0.0006055117,0.001290036,0.0001537326,0.0004834816,0.00003767172,0.0002059988,0.0008599755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975523,0.00004379873,0.001511171,0.0001805063,0.00003661064,0.0001142408,0.0001429876,0.0000239891,0.0003943608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1908904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04252069357264383,"score_gpt":0.3037942782810472,"score_spread":0.2612735847084034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}