{"id":"W4307208541","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ac96c0","title":"Model experiments and analogies for teaching Einsteinian energy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mathematics education; Curriculum; Einstein; Modern physics; Physics education; Energy (signal processing); Physical science; Physics; Science education; Theoretical physics; Engineering physics; Pedagogy; Mathematics; Psychology; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004195844,0.00009926267,0.0001006177,0.00001563367,0.0005584475,0.00002346825,0.00007593865,0.000005126203,0.00001620186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001225468,0.0001025658,0.00004983648,0.00003887829,0.00005572785,0.00009740728,0.0001298267,0.00006595241,7.371918e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003193896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004682884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009993929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.580348e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994909,0.00002389745,0.00008995619,0.0001787332,0.00008474622,0.0001318277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997589,0.00003159179,0.00004999502,0.0001048588,0.00002004214,0.00003462243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000793623,0.000367897,0.0001944924,0.000003641406,0.00003036165,6.414609e-9,0.002160703,0.0002609563,0.004273743,0.9712473,0.0006108014,0.02084214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001603807,0.00004586774,0.000008530153,0.000003067067,0.00001375366,6.199704e-8,0.006226104,0.01010777,0.005941748,0.9764094,0.0009556271,0.0001276331],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3196076,0.0006317349,0.1342077,0.0006491466,0.0008311999,0.0005549766,0.0001795975,0.00009065874,0.5432474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971774,0.000001064558,0.001122487,0.0001393436,0.0002920995,0.0006156061,0.0001166578,0.0000147506,0.0005205792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6775699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4295183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01876671576044896,"score_gpt":0.3016998249191614,"score_spread":0.2829331091587124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}