{"id":"W4307906044","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.014","title":"Design and methodological considerations for biomarker discovery and validation in the Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Etiology and Risk (INTEGRAL) Program","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Epidemiology","topic":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; Brock University; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; BC Cancer Agency; University of Toronto; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute","funders":"National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cancer Research Foundation in Northern Sweden; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Canada Research Chairs; State of Maryland; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; American Institute for Cancer Research; Lung Cancer Research Foundation; National Eye Institute; National Institute on Aging; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer; European Regional Development Fund; World Health Organization; Institut National Du Cancer; Cancer Research UK","keywords":"Medicine; Biomarker; Malignancy; Lung cancer; Nodule (geology); Etiology; Oncology; Cohort; Cancer; Internal medicine; Cohort study; Prospective cohort study; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004798585,0.00009697979,0.0007302526,0.0001718182,0.0000795911,0.000003320395,0.00002723357,0.0000614045,0.00002599901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004083951,0.00005364127,0.00009222626,0.000206687,0.0002980279,0.00003554856,0.00003646522,0.0001143396,6.99881e-9],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002051137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004423231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001068956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002926634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960511,0.003088834,0.0004109706,0.0002604867,0.00004249045,0.0001460568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9806339,0.0188598,0.0002773144,0.0001165271,0.00008219262,0.00003026026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005515218,0.0002358349,0.9751944,0.00004619955,0.002249702,0.000002255932,0.001111992,0.0008039468,0.00009725046,0.008382887,0.002001165,0.009322823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008868212,0.00195497,0.9576718,0.0000313393,0.002542146,0.00001544287,0.0006066766,0.01875876,0.0003303927,0.01681655,0.000310726,0.0000744135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638957,0.009279535,0.009880471,0.0155438,0.00002839444,0.001217061,0.0001348914,0.000004871044,0.00001522229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9678717,0.01223907,0.01736297,0.001074362,0.000008249188,0.001369333,0.00006323534,0.000003693247,0.000007397824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01795482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4889165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3619237547349349,"score_gpt":0.52003432399084,"score_spread":0.1581105692559051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}