{"id":"W4307944132","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms10112145","title":"Broad Antiviral Effects of Echinacea purpurea against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Potential Mechanism of Action","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microorganisms","topic":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Phytochemical; Echinacea (animal); Protease; Biology; Vaccine adjuvant; Chemistry; Mechanism of action; Microbiology; Virology; Traditional medicine; Biochemistry; In vitro; Genetics; Enzyme; Immune system; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007662547,0.0001925706,0.0001903291,0.0002139545,0.0001232204,0.0002004042,0.0001063082,0.0001915894,0.001546975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000875722,0.00006059053,0.0002130839,0.0001164707,0.0000930868,0.0001595922,0.0001456669,0.0002546048,0.0001710815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008772106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007216049,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003813909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005569402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999673,0.000007197229,0.000002843964,0.000005969843,0.000008343909,0.000008344267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999956,0.00001444257,0.000009451663,0.000004172673,0.000007940076,0.000007935534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001961122,0.00007140025,0.0003363962,0.00008678084,0.00001027067,0.00004942186,0.00001412044,0.0001887733,0.9948612,0.00006534071,0.00006572984,0.004054268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003791572,0.001750631,0.01754294,0.00003865175,0.00005071053,0.0003517579,0.00007956642,0.001288754,0.972098,0.0001574895,0.006590629,0.00001283063],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916324,0.00445521,0.0009185563,0.0001632566,0.00002285442,0.00002021933,0.0004995728,0.00004822378,0.002239802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955233,0.00144019,0.0008447364,0.0001298081,0.00001187258,0.000012224,0.0005018584,0.000006211513,0.001529787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001546975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005175173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02185429719426919,"score_gpt":0.3068542170538432,"score_spread":0.2849999198595741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}