{"id":"W4307944132","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms10112145","title":"Broad Antiviral Effects of Echinacea purpurea against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Potential Mechanism of Action","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microorganisms","topic":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Phytochemical; Echinacea (animal); Protease; Biology; Vaccine adjuvant; Chemistry; Mechanism of action; Microbiology; Virology; Traditional medicine; Biochemistry; In vitro; Genetics; Enzyme; Immune system; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003715415,0.0001657473,0.0006413459,0.0001888455,0.00009395707,0.000003365388,0.000126591,0.00006812203,0.0000282858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000237571,0.0001493214,0.00008455981,0.0002990762,0.0002414314,0.00005653956,0.0003260607,0.0002890254,0.000002088819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008066137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001451538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002822408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006023799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983931,0.0001594608,0.0003765127,0.0002506554,0.0005583373,0.0002619968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.00009221226,0.0002297726,0.000245988,0.0001414628,0.0000521246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002383713,0.0002613416,0.0005264098,0.001000684,0.0002334429,0.00008448448,0.001009294,5.199456e-7,0.9910405,0.0001796141,0.0004945782,0.0049308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002884092,0.001727728,0.005368492,0.0001794862,0.0001620602,0.00006338625,0.0007910501,0.00005954758,0.9882963,0.0001927683,0.0001764647,0.0000985908],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969117,0.0007073245,0.0007366524,0.0003109708,0.000261446,0.00065893,0.00004927714,0.0000236365,0.0003400516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989231,0.0002826263,0.0004365176,0.0001129179,0.00005800234,0.0000110348,0.00001543154,0.00002932201,0.0001310406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004842083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6089149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02185429719426919,"score_gpt":0.3068542170538432,"score_spread":0.2849999198595741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}