{"id":"W4307996239","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202243572","title":"Measuring the giant radio galaxy length distribution with the LoTSS","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Argonne National Laboratory; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; DST-NRF Centre Of Excellence In Tree Health Biotechnology; High Energy Physics; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Science Mission Directorate; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Office of Science; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Planetary Science Division; Gauss Centre for Supercomputing; Fermilab; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Université d'Orléans; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University; University of Hertfordshire; Queen's University; University of Edinburgh; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; National Central University; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Sussex; University of Nottingham; University of Cambridge; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Durham University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; York University; University of Chicago; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; U.S. Department of Energy; Yale University; Strong; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Arizona; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; European Space Agency; University of Washington; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; National Science Foundation; University of Michigan; Vanderbilt University; Harvard University; Ohio State University; Università degli Studi di Torino; Smithsonian Institution; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; University of Pennsylvania; University College London; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Queen's University Belfast; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; California Institute of Technology; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Science Foundation Ireland","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; LOFAR; Astronomy; Supermassive black hole; Galaxy; Radio galaxy; Elliptical galaxy; Galaxy formation and evolution; Radio telescope","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001085544,0.000276837,0.0001742432,0.001984219,0.0002075142,0.0004080978,0.0003708035,0.0001778445,0.001545639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003069979,0.0001886782,0.0004161413,0.001189292,0.0004793946,0.0004996477,0.0009875882,0.0001990753,0.0005078001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003892647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002335617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002305407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004468908,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995962,0.0001120913,0.00002319811,0.0001384165,0.00008351316,0.00004658996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971269,0.0005867608,0.001147009,0.000534292,0.0002634284,0.0003415721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000847277,0.00001554682,0.9745388,0.00005685963,0.00009886645,0.00007923433,0.0001688652,0.003864963,0.006999085,0.001382125,0.001550164,0.01116074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000110175,0.00009146402,0.9822968,0.00001336511,0.00004453309,0.0002973402,0.000126078,0.01035049,0.001933685,0.001127877,0.003687368,0.0000200138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681442,0.0001781075,0.02113526,0.0001140696,0.000009140622,0.0000395615,0.007168176,0.0005312039,0.002680324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815235,0.00005403743,0.01134705,0.00005000506,0.00002145,0.00003963716,0.006524664,0.000050364,0.0003894013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002305407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006718298524709413,"score_gpt":0.1690436916352347,"score_spread":0.1623253931105253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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