{"id":"W4308124589","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112660","title":"A Lower False Positive Pulmonary Nodule Detection Approach for Early Lung Cancer Screening","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diagnostics","topic":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"False positive paradox; Nodule (geology); Computer science; Pattern recognition (psychology); Artificial intelligence; False positive rate; Feature (linguistics); Stage (stratigraphy); Feature extraction; Computer-aided diagnosis; Radiology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001210566,0.0001699995,0.0002461125,0.00008670115,0.0003322751,0.00002317859,0.00006953831,0.0000505091,0.00009949329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001044252,0.0001631567,0.0001523279,0.0002076584,0.00002766887,0.00005758407,0.00008054485,0.0001922999,0.000002113637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005271807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007429928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005474644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001884832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988204,0.00003646391,0.0001842487,0.0003676638,0.0002933472,0.0002978683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991232,0.0003325483,0.00008291238,0.0002173153,0.0001231733,0.0001209052],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002653358,0.00559972,0.8381388,0.0005898576,0.001791945,0.0006882841,0.001837707,0.006459367,0.0007492241,0.0004159228,0.01588715,0.1251886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01009391,0.004225085,0.8675494,0.0005291958,0.003920774,0.0002231308,0.0009041249,0.07819815,0.01350903,0.0001423305,0.01959512,0.001109715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.935931,0.01007819,0.04318586,0.00177418,0.001300352,0.004211955,0.001260172,0.0001977397,0.00206059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914441,0.0003832281,0.002396114,0.0007923329,0.0003669848,0.00400414,0.0002387861,0.00005259409,0.000321767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1240789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6653339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.014322760009446,"score_gpt":0.282520464762377,"score_spread":0.268197704752931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}