{"id":"W4308709643","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi.15938","title":"Problem-solving in biology vs. engineering: What can engineering educators learn from biology educators","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Engineering education; Focus group; Biology; Psychology; Engineering; Sociology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007036587,0.0003202111,0.0003801868,0.0008237893,0.0002627714,0.0001527573,0.0007661049,0.0002688378,0.0004406891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008063001,0.0003506669,0.0001414002,0.001118014,0.00003257698,0.0002590381,0.0001164461,0.0007880992,0.00001199237],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004853299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001540034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08100539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006160689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978581,0.00003706833,0.0005928127,0.0005095552,0.0002269533,0.0007755151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985445,0.0002682275,0.0004650278,0.0002271335,0.0002450551,0.0002501213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001499625,0.0003658243,0.8100037,0.0001936083,0.0003646097,5.367927e-7,0.01916891,0.01048573,0.003213271,0.1267582,0.02808597,0.001344675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004932358,0.0001158823,0.7969034,0.000221706,0.00007951615,0.00001876226,0.02674701,0.0007857313,0.0003875131,0.001783653,0.1714709,0.0009926481],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756431,0.001149085,0.000004326324,0.01030214,0.01067247,0.000520151,0.00008699774,0.000114826,0.001506883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965767,0.00003783276,0.0007196305,0.0003918087,0.0004802665,0.0005253245,0.0001055645,0.00007187646,0.001090987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1433849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01001339493725491,"score_gpt":0.2480840826082695,"score_spread":0.2380706876710146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}