{"id":"W4309139085","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0275245","title":"Profitability and risk-return comparison across health care industries, evidence from publicly traded companies 2010–2019","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Return on equity; Operating margin; Profitability index; Profit margin; Business; Debt-to-equity ratio; Leverage (statistics); Health care; Volatility (finance); Return on assets; Gross margin; Finance; Debt ratio; Debt; Economics; Medicine; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002456561,0.000174751,0.0002268458,0.003630277,0.0004187645,0.001324195,0.0003321676,0.0004185953,0.001252352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009890412,0.0001307641,0.0004898265,0.003180884,0.0005068847,0.001084017,0.001270484,0.000616722,0.0001657057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001306517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001098147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02284227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03764659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983878,0.0003402074,0.0002173193,0.0002477858,0.0005239535,0.0002829748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9785134,0.004464303,0.01387952,0.0004845034,0.001657796,0.001000616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000780457,0.00005054363,0.9909742,0.00005290904,0.0001198432,0.00007381169,0.0002024334,0.0001412343,0.00008396567,0.0004248495,0.0007279268,0.007070059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004016042,0.00005973909,0.9978814,0.00005384613,0.00005601547,0.00007285367,0.0005149613,0.0002628638,0.0001173147,0.00007446117,0.0008977047,0.000004865258],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917886,0.003395612,0.0001698765,0.0008401168,0.00001392131,0.00001322919,0.001661459,0.000004613962,0.002112581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975987,0.0005951638,0.00007112619,0.0001186109,0.00003922537,0.00000564333,0.001420904,0.000001638424,0.0001489852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02284227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04541862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06841713135035689,"score_gpt":0.2605802363569892,"score_spread":0.1921631050066323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}