{"id":"W4309271410","doi":"10.1007/s00170-022-10445-3","title":"Digital twin and its applications: A survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Tianjin Municipal Education Commission","keywords":"Twin cities; Fidelity; Computer science; Synchronization (alternating current); Data science; Telecommunications; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001551424,0.0005135755,0.0006925645,0.00608936,0.000720301,0.003688655,0.001148596,0.001306441,0.0135549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008208358,0.0004141451,0.0004811571,0.01476633,0.001084269,0.00695869,0.002020662,0.001501752,0.003239356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007779399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001835674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001643174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001798269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989263,0.000162291,0.0001002279,0.0001716466,0.0005412701,0.0000981863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993523,0.004291319,0.0003263264,0.000431999,0.00113608,0.0002912869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001107972,0.0001062006,0.004383209,0.002399444,0.00002126199,0.0001623595,0.0003230282,0.0009650271,0.000915322,0.05452181,0.01716812,0.9189235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009384539,0.0001433648,0.004026345,0.001975741,0.00006217878,0.0018876,0.0008315392,0.002760499,0.002433795,0.01742408,0.9683903,0.00005527828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02372783,0.8087515,0.0303855,0.004433887,0.00158006,0.0001097777,0.000683051,0.0003469682,0.1299815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09218522,0.8700732,0.01529504,0.001499748,0.001170013,0.00006788451,0.0009308922,0.0002061124,0.01857193],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0135549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04534566,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01106993930380874,"score_gpt":0.2340416626623519,"score_spread":0.2229717233585432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}