{"id":"W4309385637","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/tz8p7","title":"The fourth power. A mapping of police oversight agencies in Europe and Quebec","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mandate; Delegation; Public administration; Independence (probability theory); Corporate governance; Political science; Public relations; Business; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001026343,0.0003015737,0.0002530584,0.007912246,0.003296298,0.004009726,0.0008597554,0.0006486167,0.007021524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003857943,0.0002557917,0.0004571534,0.00841264,0.00199471,0.001381109,0.001399274,0.0006733005,0.0003858835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05624742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03875688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9922225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.993178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998219,0.0001783285,0.00006670391,0.0002231061,0.0004792899,0.0008334614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955576,0.0005715312,0.0006379563,0.0001503174,0.002347626,0.0007351215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000313573,0.0001406081,0.6323862,0.0004529494,0.0001762412,0.001587067,0.03151179,0.003508237,0.00225516,0.09802768,0.03794916,0.1916913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001311888,0.0000250975,0.841939,0.00039251,0.00002920023,0.0002633882,0.0148619,0.002001145,0.0002568899,0.0007951269,0.1393745,0.00004813317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7653129,0.01086753,0.003255819,0.006819256,0.0001107776,0.0002897727,0.01280168,0.000222984,0.2003192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774165,0.001552499,0.00125473,0.0003317984,0.00001150203,0.00004079018,0.001752073,0.00003931487,0.01760069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05624742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4081055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06790384616652152,"score_gpt":0.3552742267386667,"score_spread":0.2873703805721452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}