{"id":"W4309461308","doi":"10.36366/frontiers.v34i4.496","title":"International Education or Colonial Tourism? Measuring Tools and Standards for Evaluating International Education","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Scrutiny; Political science; International education; Tourism; Equity (law); Higher education; Educational equity; Humanities; Pedagogy; Library science; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03678445,0.0007064877,0.0008055987,0.01194383,0.001128763,0.007283118,0.001382615,0.001158649,0.002230107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1052777,0.000286211,0.000819196,0.01275755,0.004215894,0.008226312,0.003566899,0.001857343,0.0005950748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003414504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005629475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004768234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005233976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9623378,0.01986493,0.005291406,0.00116786,0.01035039,0.0009876083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9063324,0.04650464,0.01338259,0.007321519,0.02420757,0.002251472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002135495,0.0003878912,0.2857524,0.001303517,0.0001612587,0.00007971146,0.01556859,0.002980043,0.0009373107,0.103198,0.0112638,0.578154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000944117,0.001887912,0.5472021,0.006002965,0.0002275195,0.0005542649,0.1166696,0.01838439,0.005761791,0.1124082,0.1903085,0.0004986179],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4577968,0.008813631,0.2591236,0.01335737,0.002040617,0.002314701,0.003262303,0.001118676,0.2521722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8432656,0.001743736,0.1471803,0.0006102326,0.0001762456,0.001880012,0.001139134,0.0001268936,0.003877969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03678445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1945371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04724743879487543,"score_gpt":0.4406060084553075,"score_spread":0.393358569660432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}