{"id":"W4309693150","doi":"10.1002/tesj.690","title":"Machine translation in higher education: Perceptions, policy, and pedagogy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TESOL Journal","topic":"Translation Studies and Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Higher education; Perception; Pedagogy; Autonomy; Learner autonomy; Intersection (aeronautics); English for academic purposes; Internationalization; Psychology; Mathematics education; Sociology; Language education; Political science; Linguistics; Comprehension approach; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02234943,0.0001927381,0.0003383513,0.002129228,0.008152561,0.01345167,0.0009305642,0.002869382,0.004483783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02781073,0.0002870319,0.0002279498,0.00281606,0.01206693,0.009146444,0.00684667,0.004830276,0.0004719086],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0130124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01997825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01042182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008238419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9788816,0.01188998,0.0009011838,0.0008927393,0.003881279,0.003553238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9694505,0.01571968,0.004440072,0.0005600332,0.002830145,0.006999464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001078293,0.000625333,0.1120037,0.0006318998,0.00002351364,0.001208116,0.46539,0.0007273317,0.001679161,0.2887335,0.00995198,0.1189177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002581821,0.0002411817,0.05943815,0.00114762,0.00001071984,0.0004024357,0.7964814,0.0008998049,0.0008453712,0.04320884,0.0972223,0.00007636462],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6972749,0.006369888,0.001713994,0.2254051,0.0003006294,0.00007371709,0.00005456004,0.0000273063,0.06877988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946571,0.001141597,0.0001939002,0.002594706,0.00005263951,0.00001503705,0.000007803344,0.000004965417,0.001332273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02234943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1181965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09930947611585302,"score_gpt":0.3547569469352779,"score_spread":0.2554474708194249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}